A Domain Registry is a company that oversees domain name registration for specific Top-Level Domains (TLDs). It keeps the authoritative database of domain names registered under that TLD and ensures the domain namespace operates correctly.

The Role of A Domain Registry

Registries are responsible for creating and managing domain names for specific TLDs, which can be a generic or country code (ccTLD or gTLD). They are responsible for maintaining the records of which domain names are available, which are registered, and who they are registered to. After registration, the Registrar provides the Registry with all the Registrant details for the domain. 

The Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names (website addresses) into the numerical IP addresses used by browsers and hosting servers to identify and access websites. Registries operate and maintain the database that links domain names to the IP addresses of the servers hosting the corresponding websites.

The Registry then uploads that data into a centralised database and publishes the Internet Zone files. The domain owner’s registered information can be viewed using a WHOIS domain search tool.

Domain registries do not typically sell domain names directly to the public. Instead, they accredit registrars offering domain name registration services to individuals and organizations. Registrars communicate with the registries to register, renew, and manage domains on behalf of their customers.

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Additional Information 

Services Provided by Registries

• Top-Level Domain (TLD) Management: Each TLD, such as .com, .net, .org, or country-code TLDs like .za or .uk, is managed by a designated Domain Registry that is accredited by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
• Domain Registration: Registries oversee the registration process for domain names within their assigned TLDs. 
• Database Management (WHOIS): The domain Registry maintains a central database with information about registered domain names, including details about domain owners, contact information, and registration dates. 
• Policy Enforcement: Registries establish and enforce policies set by ICANN related to domain registrations within their TLDs. This includes eligibility criteria, registration requirements, and rules for resolving disputes. 
• Technical Infrastructure: Registries are responsible for the technical infrastructure supporting their TLDs, including managing DNS servers that translate domain names into IP addresses. 
• Coordination with Registrars: Domain Registries often work with accredited domain Registrars to facilitate registration. Registrars act as intermediaries between domain Registrants and the Registry, handling customer interactions, registrations, and domain management. 
• Policy Development: Registries engage in policy development processes to address evolving issues in the domain industry. This includes discussions with stakeholders, including Registrars, domain owners, and the internet community.